Under the hood, React.lazy leverages JavaScript's dynamic import() feature and converts the resulting Promise into a React component. When you use React.lazy(() => import('./Component')), React creates a special component that calls the dynamic import when rendered for the first time. The Promise returned by import() is tracked by React's Suspense system, which renders the fallback UI until the Promise resolves. Once resolved, React takes the default export from the loaded module and renders it in place of the fallback.